Effective decision-making is also critical in educational leadership, affecting students’ outcomes and school operations. Moreover, involving communities in school management fosters a sense of ownership, accountability, and support for education, ultimately improving student outcomes. School-Based Management Committees play a critical role in improving schools and student learning outcomes by promoting community involvement and participatory decision-making.

However, several challenges affect the quality of education in Nigeria. The shortage of well-trained teachers, particularly in science and technical subjects, affects the quality of education. Poor remuneration contributes to low motivation and high turnover rates. Many secondary schools also lack adequate classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and ICT facilities, negatively impacting learning outcomes. Insufficient funding limits the availability of resources, infrastructure, and qualified teachers, resulting in overcrowded classrooms and low staff morale.

Government initiatives, such as policies like the Universal Basic Education program and teacher training initiatives, aim to improve access and quality of education. Public-private partnerships can also enhance funding, infrastructure, and innovative teaching methods. Ongoing curriculum reforms focus on making education more relevant to modern societal needs, emphasizing STEM subjects and vocational skills.

By addressing these challenges and leveraging opportunities for improvement, Nigeria can enhance the quality and accessibility of education, ultimately leading to better student outcomes. Effective school leadership, community engagement, and adequate resources are essential for improving student outcomes and achieving educational goals in Nigeria.