The Universal Basic Education (UBE) program was introduced in Nigeria in 1999 with the aim of providing free and compulsory education to all children of primary and junior secondary school age. The program was designed to address the challenges of access, equity, and quality in the education sector. This examination seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of the UBE program in Nigeria.   One of the key objectives of the UBE program was to increase access to education, particularly for disadvantaged groups such as girls, children with disabilities, and those from poor backgrounds. To achieve this, the program provided for the construction of new schools, renovation of existing ones, and recruitment of additional teachers.   Despite these efforts, the UBE program has faced significant challenges in increasing access to education. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the net enrollment rate for primary education in Nigeria was 67.4% in 2020, indicating that over 30% of children of primary school age were not in school. Similarly, the junior secondary school net enrollment rate was 44.1% in 2020.   Another objective of the UBE program was to improve the quality of education. To achieve this, the program provided for the training of teachers, development of curriculum, and provision of educational materials. However, the program has faced challenges in improving the quality of education. According to the West African Examinations Council (WAEC), the performance of Nigerian students in the West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE) has been poor, with a pass rate of 39.82% in 2020.   The UBE program has also faced challenges in ensuring equity in education. Despite efforts to increase access to education for disadvantaged groups, there are still significant disparities in enrollment rates between different regions and socio-economic groups. For example, the net enrollment rate for primary education in the North-East region was 44.1% in 2020, compared to 83.2% in the South-West region.   In conclusion, while the UBE program has made some progress in increasing access to education and improving the quality of education, it has faced significant challenges in achieving its objectives. To improve the effectiveness of the program, the government needs to address the challenges of inadequate funding, poor infrastructure, and inadequate teacher training. Additionally, the government needs to ensure that the program is implemented effectively at the state and local government levels.